Thermal power plants, nuclear and fossil-fueled, rely on cooling water intake structures (CWIS) to withdraw water for rejecting waste heat. The CWIS serves as a critical interface between engineered ...

The semiconductor manufacturing process involves many steps, including, but not limited to, film deposition, photolithography, etching, and chemical mechanical polishing (CMP). Contamination can ...

Increasingly tight tolerances and rigorous demands for quality are forcing chipmakers and equipment manufacturers to ferret out minor process variances, which can create significant anomalies in ...

This article outlines improvements and changes to non‐viable particle monitoring (NVP), sometimes referred to as total particulate monitoring, which during aseptic processing, is a regulatory ...

Monitoring total organic carbon (TOC) (i.e., organics monitoring) is an excellent method for ensuring your industrial processes are under control and your equipment is protected. The goal is to ...

Ring-oscillator process monitors give production test teams a fast on-die frequency measurement for identifying CMOS process variation and sorting dies at wafer level. A process monitor is a dedicated ...

Advanced logic scaling has created some difficult technical challenges, including a requirement for highly dense patterning. Imec recently confronted this challenge, by working toward the use of Metal ...

As Advanced Therapeutic Medicinal Products (ATMPs) surge in popularity and the market sees an increase in therapy development and available products, contemporary manufacturing processes must align ...